JavaScript is a scripting or programming language that allows you to implement complex features on web pages — every time a web page does more than just sit there and display static information for you to look at — displaying timely content updates, interactive maps, scrolling video jukeboxes, etc. — you can bet that JavaScript is probably involved.
TypeScript is a strongly typed programming language that builds on JavaScript, giving you better tooling at any scale. It allows specifying the types of data being passed around within the code, and has the ability to report errors when the types don't match.
Node.js® is a free, open-source, cross-platform JavaScript runtime environment that lets developers create servers, web apps, command line tools and scripts.
Angular is an application-design framework and development platform for creating efficient and sophisticated single-page apps. It is written in TypeScript. It implements core and optional functionality as a set of TypeScript libraries that you import into your applications.
React is a powerful JavaScript library for building dynamic and interactive user interfaces (UIs). It is developed by Facebook. React is known for its component-based architecture which allows you to create reusable UI elements, making complex web applications easier to manage and maintain. React is used to build single-page applications.
Vue (pronounced /vjuː/, like view) is a JavaScript framework for building user interfaces. It builds on top of standard HTML, CSS, and JavaScript and provides a declarative, component-based programming model that helps you efficiently develop user interfaces of any complexity.